1.1 不等号与解集 Inequality Symbols and Solution Sets
不等式用不等号连接,常见的六种不等号:
解集:满足不等式的所有解组成的集合,叫做不等式的解集。
The solution set is the set of all values that satisfy the inequality.
不等式性质与解法 Properties and Solution Steps
解一元一次不等式的方法与解方程类似,但有一条关键区别:
当不等式两边同时乘以(或除以)一个负数时,不等号方向必须改变。
When multiplying or dividing both sides of an inequality by a negative number, the inequality sign must be reversed.
3.1 范围估计 Range Estimation
不等式可以用于描述一个量的可能范围。
Inequalities describe the possible range of a quantity.
3.2 最值问题 Optimization Problems
在 AMC 中经常出现"在某种约束下求最大值或最小值"的问题。
AMC frequently asks for the maximum or minimum value under certain constraints.
解不等式:3x − 4 > 8Solve: 3x − 4 > 8
两边除以3(正数,不变号):x > 4
3x > 12. Divide by 3 (positive, no sign change): x > 4.
解不等式:−2x + 5 ≥ 1Solve: −2x + 5 ≥ 1
两边除以 −2(负数,变号):x ≤ (−4) ÷ (−2) = 2
−2x ≥ −4. Divide by −2 (negative, flip sign): x ≤ 2.
x 是整数,且 3 < 2x − 1 < 11,x 可以取哪些值?x is an integer and 3 < 2x − 1 < 11. What integer values can x take?
加1:4 < 2x < 12
除以2(正数,不变号):2 < x < 6
x 为整数 → x = 3, 4, 5(3个值)
3 < 2x−1 < 11 → add 1: 4 < 2x < 12 → divide by 2: 2 < x < 6. Integer solutions: x = 3, 4, 5.
小明有不超过50元,每本书12元。他最多能买几本书?Xiao Ming has at most 50 yuan. Each book costs 12 yuan. What is the maximum number of books he can buy?
x ≤ 50/12 ≈ 4.17
x 为整数且 ≥ 1,最大为 4 本。
12x ≤ 50 → x ≤ 4.17. Integer x: maximum = 4 books.
若 a > b,则下列哪个必定成立?If a > b, which of the following must be true?
B:a−b > 0?a > b 等价于 a−b > 0 ✓(这其实是不等式的基本定义)
C:a > 2b?反例:a=3, b=2 → a>b但3<4=2b ✗
D:a³ > b³?若a,b同正,则成立;但a=−1,b=−2 → a>b但(−1)³=−1<(−2)³=−8 ✗
唯一必定成立的是 B(a−b>0)。
Only B is always true: a > b ⟺ a − b > 0. A fails with a=1,b=−2; C fails with a=3,b=2; D fails with a=−1,b=−2.
第1题 解不等式:4x + 3 < 2x + 11Solve: 4x + 3 < 2x + 11
第2题 解不等式:5 − 3x ≤ 2Solve: 5 − 3x ≤ 2
第3题 x 满足 −2 < x ≤ 5,x 可以取几个整数值?x satisfies −2 < x ≤ 5. How many integer values can x take?
第4题 某种出租车起价10元,之后每公里2.5元。某人付了不超过30元,他最多乘坐了多少公里?A taxi charges 10 yuan base fare, then 2.5 yuan per km. Someone paid no more than 30 yuan. What is the maximum distance?
第5题 解不等式:x/2 − 1 ≥ 3Solve: x/2 − 1 ≥ 3
第6题 若 a > b > 0,则下列哪个必定成立?If a > b > 0, which must be true?
第7题 解不等式:2(3x − 1) > 4x + 6Solve: 2(3x − 1) > 4x + 6
第8题 某班学生身高都在150cm到180cm之间(含端点),身高160cm以下的学生至少占全班的几分之几?Students' heights are between 150 cm and 180 cm (inclusive). At least what fraction of the class is shorter than 160 cm?